Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) are the backbone of software engineering. I highlighted this fact in my last blog about LeetCode Problems. You need to understand data structures to get a job in the software industry. So, let me start with the straightforward answer. There are only a few things you need to know about data structures as a fresher:
1. Time and Space Complexity
Knowing how efficient your code is in terms of time (how long it takes to execute) and space (how much memory it uses) is important. This knowledge helps you write code that runs efficiently, a skill that’s critical in the industry.
2. Basic Searching and Sorting Algorithms
Mastering the fundamental searching and sorting algorithms is a must for entry-level positions. You’ll need to know how they work, their time complexities, and when to use them. Focus on:
- Searching Algorithms: Linear Search, Binary Search
- Sorting Algorithms: Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort
Knowing these algorithms inside out will prepare you for most coding interviews and help you identify where to improve code efficiency.
3. Linear Data Structures
Linear data structures are simple but powerful and form the backbone of many programming problems. These include:
- Stack: A Last In First Out (LIFO) data structure, used in problems involving recursion or undo operations.
- Queue: A First In First Out (FIFO) data structure, essential in scheduling problems or traversing data.
- Linked List: A dynamic data structure that can grow and shrink during execution. Key to solving problems where memory management is crucial.
These are the bread and butter of data structures and are commonly asked about in technical interviews. And that’s all.
You might wonder how this can be as easy. But it is. No one expects more from you if you are a student or a fresher undergraduate. What you should really wonder about is how to master all this and be the best. Let me share a strategy with you which I feel is highly effective. I’ve figured this out after making lots of mistakes.
Prerequisites for Getting Started
To get the most out of learning data structures, you should already have a good grasp of the fundamentals of programming. This means being proficient in at least one programming language (like Python, JavaScript, or Java), understanding syntax, basic control flow (loops, conditions), and problem-solving techniques.
Your focus should be on mastering the following:
- Variables and data types
- Functions
- Control flow (if-else, loops)
- Basic debugging skills
Once you’re confident in these areas, you’ll be ready to dive into data structures. To build confidence you can practice your favorite programming language on HackerRank
How to Get Started
1. Take an Online Course
Rather than jumping into random YouTube videos, I recommend enrolling in a structured course on Coursera or Udemy. These platforms offer well-designed courses taught by industry professionals that provide a systematic approach
2. Practice on LeetCode
Once you’ve built up the theory, it’s time to start solving problems. LeetCode is an excellent platform for practicing real-world coding interview questions. Start with easy problems on topics like arrays and strings, then gradually move on to medium and hard problems.
You can go through neetcode’s roadmap to get started with LeetCode.
Getting an entry-level job in software development does require a solid understanding of data structures, but the scope of what you need to know is manageable. By focusing on key areas like time and space complexity, searching and sorting algorithms, and basic linear data structures, you’ll have the foundation you need.
Remember, the most important thing is to practice. Theory is essential, but applying what you’ve learned by solving coding problems is what truly prepares you for interviews. Stick with a structured course, practice on LeetCode, and follow a roadmap to keep yourself on track.